Tiếng Anh - Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
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Câu 1. What is the role of input in second language acquisition?
- A. Language output produced by learners.
- B. Language exposure needed for learning.
- C. Only output matters.
- D. Input matters only at advanced stages.
Câu 2. What best defines simultaneous multilingualism?
- A. Learning two languages consecutively.
- B. Learning multiple languages only in class.
- C. Acquiring two or more languages from birth or very early childhood.
- D. Learning languages at different times.
Câu 3. Learning a language through classroom contexts is usually called _____.
- A. Second language learning.
- B. Language acquisition.
- C. Formal learning.
- D. Informal learning.
Câu 4. In SLA, who emphasizes mental or cognitive processes involved in language acquisition?
- A. Linguists.
- B. Social psychologists.
- C. Sociolinguists.
- D. Psychologists.
Câu 5. A language used for official functions or wider communication alongside a person's first language is a _____.
- A. Library language.
- B. Auxiliary language.
- C. Second language.
- D. Foreign language.
Câu 6. Learning additional languages after L1 has already been established is called _____.
- A. Sociolinguistics.
- B. Communicative competence.
- C. Sequential multilingualism.
- D. Simultaneous multilingualism.
Câu 7. When an L1 rule is used in L2 inappropriately and causes an error, this is _____.
- A. Linguistic performance.
- B. Positive transfer.
- C. Negative transfer.
- D. Native linguistic competence.
Câu 8. A proposed age limit beyond which first-language acquisition may not be fully completed is called the _____.
- A. Cut-off age.
- B. Natural ability.
- C. Fossilization.
- D. Uncertainty.
Câu 9. The frozen state of interlanguage development is known as _____.
- A. Fossilization.
- B. Positive transfer.
- C. Linguistic competence.
- D. Cross-linguistic influence.
Câu 10. What is the first phase in a model of first- and second-language acquisition?
- A. Intermediate states.
- B. Initial state.
- C. Final state.
- D. Outcome state.
Câu 11. In SLA, a microsocial focus is most closely related to language acquisition and use in _____.
- A. Learner differences only.
- B. Brain development.
- C. Broader ecological contexts.
- D. Immediate social contexts.
Câu 12. In language development, “cross-linguistic influence” refers most directly to _____.
- A. Positive evidence.
- B. Language transfer.
- C. First language only.
- D. Innate capacity.
Câu 13. Speech sounds that can distinguish the meanings of words are called _____.
- A. Tones.
- B. Phonetics.
- C. Phonemes.
- D. Phonology.
Câu 14. In a behaviorist account of learning, S-R-R is commonly expanded as _____.
- A. Semantic–receive–repetition.
- B. Sociocultural–reciprocal–respond.
- C. Speak–respond–repeat.
- D. Stimuli–responses–reinforcement.
Câu 15. In SLA, “learner language” is most similar to _____.
- A. Second language.
- B. Mother tongue.
- C. Interlanguage.
- D. First language.
Câu 16. The term “Interlanguage” was introduced by _____ in 1972.
- A. Robert Lado.
- B. Noam Chomsky.
- C. Larry Selinker.
- D. S. Pit Corder.
Câu 17. Actual utterances by other speakers that learners can understand are examples of _____.
- A. Positive evidence.
- B. Negative evidence.
- C. Error.
- D. Mistake.
Câu 18. Language has recurring elements arranged in regular patterns; therefore, language is _____.
- A. Systematic.
- B. Symbolic.
- C. Social.
- D. Universal.
Câu 19. When an L1 feature is marked and the corresponding L2 feature is unmarked, the L2 feature may be _____.
- A. Easy to learn.
- B. Unrelated to L1.
- C. Difficult to learn.
- D. Automatically transferred from L1.
Câu 20. Error Analysis theory is most closely associated with _____.
- A. Noam Chomsky.
- B. Lev Vygotsky.
- C. Robert Lado.
- D. S. Pit Corder.
Câu 21. Universal Grammar is most prominently associated with _____.
- A. Robert Lado.
- B. Larry Selinker.
- C. Stephen Krashen.
- D. Noam Chomsky.
Câu 22. According to Contrastive Analysis, second-language errors are primarily attributed to _____.
- A. Lack of motivation.
- B. Interference from the first language.
- C. Inadequate exposure to the target language.
- D. Overemphasis on grammar rules.
Câu 23. What is interlanguage in second-language acquisition?
- A. A transitional linguistic system learners create while acquiring a new language.
- B. The learners’ native language.
- C. A language spoken only by international travelers.
- D. A formal examination of language structures.
Câu 24. Which is a common advantage of young learners over older learners in SLA?
- A. Brain plasticity.
- B. Stronger analytical ability in every task.
- C. More real-world knowledge.
- D. More advanced pragmatic skills in every context.
Câu 25. A learner studies English mainly to get a better job or pass an exam. This is _____.
- A. Integrative motivation.
- B. Instrumental motivation.
- C. Intrinsic motivation.
- D. Simultaneous motivation.
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