Which of the following is not a major influence on pricing decision?
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Câu 1. Which of the following is not a major influence on pricing decision?
- A. General outlook
- B. Costs
- C. Competitors
- D. Political issues
Câu 2. Which of the following statements regarding price is/are true? i. Prices are determined by the market, subject to the constraint that costs must be covered in the long run. ii. Prices are based on costs, subject to the constraint that customers and competitors will exert an influence. iii. A balance of market forces and cost is important when making pricing decisions.
- A. i
- B. ii
- C. ii and iii
- D. All of the given answers
Câu 3. Which of the following is not an issue when making a pricing decision?
- A. Legal issues like collusion and price discrimination.
- B. Political considerations
- C. Environmental regulations
- D. Competition
Câu 4. The demand curve is also called the:
- A. total revenue curve.
- B. marginal revenue curve.
- C. average revenue curve.
- D. marginal cost curve.
Câu 5. The curve that shows the relationship between sales price and quantity sold is called the:
- A. marginal revenue curve.
- B. average cost curve.
- C. demand curve.
- D. revenue curve.
Câu 6. The marginal revenue curve:
- A. shows the changes in total revenue that accompany a change in quantity sold.
- B. shows the relationship between sales price and units sold.
- C. shows the relationship between sales revenue and quantity.
- D. shows the average price at which any particular quantity can be sold.
Câu 7. Which of the following statements is false regarding price elasticity?
- A. The impact of price changes on sales volume is defined as price elasticity.
- B. Demand is elastic if a price increase has a large negative impact on sales volume.
- C. Demand is elastic if price changes have no impact on sales quantity.
- D. Demand is inelastic if price changes have little or no impact on sales quantity.
Câu 8. Which of the following statements regarding the profit maximising model is/are true? i. The profit maximising model is limited because a firm's demand and marginal revenue are difficult to discern. ii. The marginal revenue and marginal cost model is valid for all forms of market. iii. Costing systems are not usually designed to measure the marginal changes in cost incurred as production and sales increase unit by unit.
- A. i
- B. ii and iii
- C. iii
- D. i and iii
Câu 9. In the economic profit-maximising pricing model, how do the total revenue and total cost curves generally behave?
- A. decreasing rate
- B. Total revenue: Upward sloping at increasing rate / Total cost: Upward sloping at constant rate
- C. Total revenue: Upward sloping at decreasing rate / Total cost: Upward sloping, rate decreases, then increases
- D. Total revenue: Downward sloping at constant rate / Total cost: Downward sloping,
Câu 10. then upward sloping In the economic profit-maximising pricing model, how do the marginal revenue and marginal cost curves generally behave?
- A. Marginal revenue: Downward sloping / Marginal cost: Downward sloping
- B. Marginal revenue: Downward sloping / Marginal cost: Horizontal (zero slope)
- C. Marginal revenue: Downward sloping / Marginal cost: U-shaped
- D. Marginal revenue: Upward sloping / Marginal cost: U-shaped
Câu 11. Managers base prices on product costs due to many reasons. Which of the following is not one of the reasons?
- A. simple and direct approach.
- B. Cost-based pricing provides a good starting point for managers.
- C. The cost of a product or service provides a lower limit or floor, below which the price cannot be set in the long run.
- D. Cost-based pricing is useful for standard cost analysis.
Câu 12. Which of the following represents the cost-based pricing formula?
- A. Price = cost + (mark-up % × cost)
- B. Price = cost + mark-up %
- C. Price = mark-up % × cost
- D. Price = cost + (mark-up % + cost)
Câu 13. Which of the following is not an advantage of the variable cost pricing formula?
- A. Variable cost analysis is consistent with cost volume profit analysis.
- B. Variable cost data does not require the allocation of common fixed costs to individual product lines.
- C. Variable costs help managers understand the profit implications of changes in price.
- D. It is cost effective to use because it is required for external reporting.
Câu 14. If the average invested capital is $300,000 and the target return on investment is 20 per cent, what is the target profit?
- A. $50,000
- B. $60,000
- C. $70,000 A.
- D. $75,000
Câu 15. Which of the following formulas represents the mark-up percentage on full cost?
- A. Mark-up % = target profit / (annual volume × total cost per unit)
- B. Mark-up % = target profit × total cost per unit
- C. Mark-up % = target profit × annual volume
- D. Mark-up % = (target profit × total cost per unit) / annual volume
Câu 16. If the target profit is $60,000 for an annual volume of 480 units, the total annual fixed costs are $168,000 and the total variable cost per unit is $450, then what is the mark-up percentage on total variable cost?
- A. 15.6%
- B. 13.5%
- C. 105.6%
- D. 115.6%
Câu 17. If the target profit is $60,000 for an annual volume of 480 units, the total annual fixed costs are $168,000 and the total variable cost per unit is $450, then what is the mark-up percentage on full cost?
- A. 15.6%
- B. 13.5%
- C. 105.6%
- D. 51.4%
Câu 18. Which of the following statements regarding cost-plus pricing is/are true?
- A. Cost-plus pricing formulas incorporate both fixed and variable costs.
- B. Cost-plus pricing formulas establish a starting point in setting prices.
- C. Cost-plus pricing formulas are useful for updating prices for existing products.
- D. All of the given answers
Câu 19. Which of the following statements about prices is false?
- A. Prices must cover all costs and a normal profit margin. A.
- B. A variable cost-plus pricing formula requires a higher mark-up percentage than a total cost-plus pricing formula.
- C. Different definitions of cost, each combined with a different mark-up percentage, will result in the same price for a product or service.
- D. If prices are set close to variable manufacturing costs, the firm will generally
Câu 20. earn a higher profit margin. Which of the following statements regarding absorption cost pricing formulas is/are true? i. Absorption cost pricing formulas provide a justifiable price that tends to be perceived as equitable by all parties. ii. Since absorption cost information is necessary for external reporting, it is cost effective to use it for pricing. iii. Absorption cost-plus pricing formulas generally will result in a higher mark-up percentage than variable manufacturing cost formulas.
- A. i and ii
- B. ii and iii
- C. i and iii
- D. All of the given answers
Câu 21. Consider the following statements regarding cost-plus pricing formulas. i. Full cost pricing formulas have the advantage of keeping the manager's attention focused on covering total costs. ii. With cost-plus pricing formulas, management must consider market conditions and likely actions of competitors. iii. Variable cost-plus formulas have the advantage of not obscuring important information about cost behaviour. Which of the above statements is/are true?
- A. i
- B. ii and iii
- C. i and iii
- D. All of the given answers
Câu 22. Đây là các câu hỏi trích xuất từ tài liệu (Chapter 20 — Cost-plus pricing), câu 21–30, mỗi đáp án A/B/C/D xuống dòng riêng: Consider the following statements regarding cost-plus pricing formulas. i. Full cost pricing formulas have the advantage of keeping the manager's attention focused on covering total costs. ii. With cost-plus pricing formulas, management must consider market conditions and likely actions of competitors. iii. Variable cost-plus formulas have the advantage of not obscuring important information about cost behaviour. Which of the above statements is/are true?
- A. i
- B. ii and iii
- C. i and iii
- D. All of the given answers
Câu 23. Sample Company reported the following costs during 2008 for the manufacture and sale of 2,000 units: Variable costs: - Manufacturing: $220,000 - Selling and administrative: $20,000 Fixed costs: - Manufacturing: $100,000 - Selling and administrative: $50,000 The average amount of capital invested in the product line during the year was $500,000 and the targeted return on investment was 20 per cent. If Sample's price per unit was $245 and the mark-up percentage was 53 per cent, what pricing formula was used by the company?
- A. Total variable cost-plus
- B. Variable manufacturing cost-plus
- C. Absorption cost-plus
- D. Time and materials cost-plus
Câu 24. Tots N Style Pty Ltd has the following data concerning a decorator playpen it manufactures: - Variable manufacturing cost: $30 - Applied fixed overhead: $20 - Variable selling and administrative cost: $5 - Allocated fixed selling and administrative cost: $15 If the company uses cost-plus pricing based on variable manufacturing costs, determine the mark-up percentage used by the company to obtain a price of $105.
- A. 350%
- B. 300%
- C. 250%
- D. 200%
Câu 25. Tots N Style Pty Ltd has the following data concerning a decorator playpen it manufactures: - Variable manufacturing cost: $30 - Applied fixed overhead: $20 - Variable selling and administrative cost: $5 - Allocated fixed selling and administrative cost: $15 If the company uses cost-plus pricing based on total variable costs, determine the mark-up percentage used by the company to obtain a price of $105.
- A. 150%
- B. 300%
- C. 250%
- D. 200%
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