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Câu 1. 1. Which instrument established the WTO as an international organization?
- A. The Havana Charter alone
- B. The Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO
- C. The Understanding on Safeguards
- D. The General Agreement on Trade in Services
Câu 2. 2. Which body meets at least once every two years under the WTO Agreement?
- A. The Ministerial Conference
- B. The Secretariat staff assembly
- C. Every dispute settlement panel
- D. The Appellate Body
Câu 3. 3. Between Ministerial Conference meetings, which body performs its functions?
- A. The General Council
- B. The Council for TRIPS alone
- C. The Trade Negotiations Secretariat alone
- D. The International Court of Justice
Câu 4. 4. Where are the multilateral agreements on trade in goods principally located?
- A. Annex 1B
- B. Annex 1C
- C. Annex 1A
- D. Annex 3
Câu 5. 5. Which entity may seek WTO accession if it possesses full autonomy in external commercial relations and the other matters covered by the WTO agreements?
- A. Any multinational enterprise with overseas sales
- B. Any industry association representing exporters
- C. A separate customs territory meeting Article XII
- D. Any city with an international airport
Câu 6. 6. Who may bring a complaint against another Member under the WTO dispute settlement system?
- A. A private consumer association in its own name
- B. A WTO Member
- C. An individual exporter acting in its own name
- D. An international law firm in its own name
Câu 7. 7. Which is the usual first formal stage of a WTO dispute?
- A. A compliance panel
- B. Consultations
- C. Collection of a WTO fine
- D. Suspension of concessions
Câu 8. 8. What is the central adjudicative task of a panel?
- A. Creating new treaty obligations for Members
- B. Renegotiating the respondent's tariff schedule
- C. An objective assessment of the matter before it
- D. Awarding criminal penalties to exporters
Câu 9. 9. Under the treaty design, an appeal under DSU Article 17 is limited to what?
- A. Only the amount of private commercial damages
- B. Any domestic-law issue unrelated to the panel report
- C. All evidence automatically retried from the beginning
- D. Issues of law and legal interpretations developed by the panel
Câu 10. 10. What is the normal recommendation when a measure is found inconsistent with a covered agreement?
- A. Pay every exporter its lost profits
- B. Transfer the respondent's customs revenue to the complainant
- C. Expel the respondent from the WTO
- D. Bring the measure into conformity with that agreement
Câu 11. 11. Which comparison is central to GATT Article I:1 in a tariff dispute?
- A. Like products from different foreign origins
- B. Imported goods and domestic services
- C. Domestic workers and foreign investors
- D. Export prices and normal values
Câu 12. 12. How must a covered advantage normally be extended to like products of other WTO Members?
- A. Immediately and unconditionally
- B. Only after reciprocal tariff reductions
- C. Only after proof of actual export losses
- D. Only after five years of trade
Câu 13. 13. Which item is a commonly used indicator when assessing whether products are like?
- A. Consumer tastes and habits
- B. The importing minister's nationality
- C. The exporters' membership in the same trade association
- D. The number of WTO disputes previously filed
Câu 14. 14. What does de facto discrimination describe?
- A. Discrimination expressly required by an origin-based legal classification only
- B. Discrimination arising in operation despite apparently neutral wording
- C. Any commercial loss suffered by an exporter
- D. Any measure adopted without parliamentary approval
Câu 15. 15. Which instrument provides a basis for certain differential and more favourable treatment of developing countries?
- A. GATS Article XVI alone
- B. The Customs Valuation Agreement alone
- C. The 1979 Enabling Clause
- D. The DSU's panel-composition rules
Câu 16. 16. Which GATT provision chiefly disciplines discriminatory internal taxation of goods?
- A. Article XIX:1
- B. Article XI:2
- C. Article III:2
- D. Article XXIV:8
Câu 17. 17. Which GATT provision chiefly governs treatment under rules affecting internal sale and distribution of goods?
- A. Article XXVIII
- B. Article II:2(c)
- C. Article III:4
- D. Article VI:1
Câu 18. 18. What is the principal concern of national treatment for goods?
- A. A guarantee of equal sales volumes for every supplier
- B. Protection against disadvantageous competitive conditions for imports
- C. A requirement that imported products receive subsidies
- D. A ban on all taxation of imports
Câu 19. 19. Under Article III:2, second sentence, which product relationship is relevant?
- A. Only physically identical products
- B. Only products sharing a manufacturer
- C. Directly competitive or substitutable products
- D. Only products from the same foreign country
Câu 20. 20. Does the wording of a domestic rule alone determine whether imported products receive less favourable treatment under Article III:4?
- A. No; only the legislature's admitted motive matters
- B. Yes; identical wording always establishes compliance
- C. Yes; any different wording always establishes a breach
- D. No; its effect on competitive conditions must be examined
Câu 21. 21. What does a bound tariff normally represent?
- A. The maximum ordinary customs duty committed in the schedule
- B. The average tariff charged worldwide
- C. The minimum tariff that customs must collect
- D. The VAT rate charged on domestic sales
Câu 22. 22. Which duty is calculated as a percentage of the value of a product?
- A. An ad valorem duty
- B. A numerical import quota
- C. A specific duty per kilogram
- D. A fixed testing fee per certificate
Câu 23. 23. What distinguishes a tariff-rate quota from an absolute import quota?
- A. The importing country must charge no duty on any imports
- B. It governs only the nationality of customs officials
- C. All imports above the threshold are necessarily prohibited
- D. Different tariff rates apply inside and outside a quantity threshold
Câu 24. 24. Which GATT provision generally prohibits non-fiscal import and export restrictions?
- A. Article IX:1
- B. Article XXVIII bis alone
- C. Article III:8(b)
- D. Article XI:1
Câu 25. 25. What primarily determines the country of origin for preferential tariff treatment?
- A. The port from which the goods were last shipped in every case
- B. The applicable preferential rules of origin
- C. The nationality of the importing retailer
- D. The currency used on the invoice
… và còn 175 câu nữa. Bấm Vào thi phía trên để làm toàn bộ 200 câu và xem đáp án.
